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Economy of Kerala
Service industry dominates the Kerala economy.〔()〕 Kerala leads many other Indian states and territories in terms of per capita GDP (Rs. 74,620)〔States of India by size of economy〕 and economic productivity, and Kerala's Human Development Index is the best in India. According to the ''Global Hunger Index 2008'', the severity of hunger situation in Kerala is "serious", which is better than the grade "alarming" received by many Indian states.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The India State Hunger Index: Comparisons Of Hunger Across States )〕 Kerala's low GDP and productivity figures juxtaposed with higher development figures than in most Indian states is often dubbed the "Kerala Phenomenon" or the "Kerala Model" of development by economists, political scientists, and sociologists. This phenomenon arises mainly from Kerala's land reforms, social upliftment of entire communities and reforms introduced by the communist party which held the state for a long period of time.〔http://www.sas.upenn.edu/polisci/sites/www.sas.upenn.edu.polisci/files/Singh.Kerala.World%20Development.pdf〕 Some describe Kerala's economy as a "democratic socialist welfare state". Some, such as Financial Express, use the term "Money Order Economy". Kerala's economic progress is above the national average, but relatively few major corporations and manufacturing plants are headquartered in Kerala.
Around 3,000,000 Keralites are working abroad, mainly in Persian Gulf; to where migration started with the Gulf Boom. The Kerala Economy is therefore largely dependent on remittances.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kerala's Gulf connection: Emigration, remittances and their macroeconomic impact 1972-2000 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Remittances and its impact on the Kerala Economy and Society )〕 In 2012, the state was the highest receiver of overall remittances to India which stood at $66.13 billion (Rs. 3,42,884.05 crore), followed by Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. S. Irudaya Rajan describes the situation as "Remittances from global capitalism are carrying the whole Kerala economy". Unemployment recently dropped from a large 19.1% in 2003 to 9.4% in 2007 and only 4.2% in 2011 . Underemployment, low employability of youths, and a 13.5% female participation rate are chronic issues.〔.〕 One concern is that Kerala government is running some of the highest deficits in India.
==Macro-economic trend==
This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Kerala at market prices (estimated ) by ''Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation'' with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.
The state's debt was estimated at 56 per cent of GDP in 2005.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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